Preposition
- Precedes nouns
1. at
Uses: a. point as place /to locate an object in space
Ex.: The paper was lying at my feet.
I’ll meet him at the station.
b. time point – at three o’clock, at 6:00 P.M.
Ex.: He was here at one o’clock.
c. state, condition, or engagement in a particular activity
Ex.: I’m never at ease when taking a test.
d. to express skill (or lack of it) in relation to a particular activity
Ex.: He is good at Math.
She is good at guessing game.
e. manner – at full speed
He runs at full speed.
f. to indicate a cause or a source of an action or state
Ex.: She wept at the bad news.
They laugh at his jokes.
g. to indicate direction toward a goal or objective
Ex.: The man over there is pointing at us.
h. to indicate relative amount, degree, rate, value, ordinal relationship, or
position on a scale
Ex.: My mother retired at 65.
2. about
Uses : a. all around
Ex.: She ran about the yard.
b. approximation
Ex.: He arrived at about 5:00 P.M.
c. concerning
Ex.: I need a book about Mathematics.
3. against
Uses: a. contact
Ex.: He leans against the wall.
b. conflict
Ex.: I work against the clock.
c. internal
Ex.: Your proposal goes against his will.
d. external
Ex.: Our relationship is against all odds.
4. before
Uses : a. in front of
Ex.: He stood before us.
b. earlier than
Ex.: The accident happened before his operation.
5. by
Uses: a. nearness
Ex.: I want the chair by the desk.
b. no later than
Ex.: I will be there by 5:00 P.M.
c. reduplication (gradual increase)
Ex.: The plant grows little by little.
d. degree of failure
Ex.: I missed the LRT by three minutes
e. without help
Ex.: Students accomplish the work all by themselves.
6. for
Uses: a. goal
Ex.: I set this out for you.
b. distance
Ex.: We walk for seven miles.
c. exchange
Ex.: I bought this for fifty pesos.
d. reason
Ex.: TUMCS is known for quality education.
7. from
Uses: a. a starting point
Ex.: We traveled from TUMCS to Bicol.
b. origin
Ex.: He is a man from Nigeria.
c. source
Ex.: Paper is made from wood.
d. cause
Ex.: I got wet from the rain.
8. in
Uses: a. enclosure
Ex.: She is in the room.
b. in a period
Ex.: World War II ended in 1945.
c. future appointment
Ex.: Please come in ten minutes.
d. currency
Ex.: Pay me in dollars.
e. language
Ex.: Say it in English.
9. of
Uses: a. names of geographic location, or institution
Ex.: The city of Manila is led by Mayor Lim.
b. fraction/portion
Ex.: One of the boys
c. possession/association
Ex.: He is a friend of mine.
d. source
Ex.: I have a table which is made of bamboo.
10. on
Uses: a. contact
Ex.: The clock is on the wall.
b. day/date
Ex.: I was born on March 4.
c. along
Ex.: I live on Durian Street.
d. communication
Ex.: He is on TV last night.
e. concerning
Ex.: This is a book on magic.
11. above
Uses: a. higher than
Ex.: The lizard is above the picture on the wall.
12. over
Uses: a. state of being above (with or without contact)
Ex.: He carries his sweater over his shoulder.
b. action above
Ex.: He jumped over the fence.
c. spanning time
Ex.: We stayed there over the weekend.
d. more than
Ex.: I have more than a peso.
13. through
Uses: a. penetrate
Ex.: They go through the forest.
b. duration
Ex.: Through the years, we have been together.
c. endurance
Ex.: The couple remained together through thick and thin.
14. to
Uses: a. direction
Ex.: They go to the park.
b. until
Ex.: We work from 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M.
c. before
Ex.: It’s a quarter to eleven.
d. degree
Ex.: She is wise to that extent.
e. accompany
Ex.: We dance to the music.
15. toward/towards
Uses: a. in the direction of
Ex.: Yuji walks towards the wall.
16. with
Uses: a. alongside/near
Ex.: The table is placed even with the wall.
b. together
Ex.: He rises with the chickens.
c. equal standing or ability
Ex.: She is ranked with the best.
d. in regard to
Ex.: I am pleased with the gift.
e. manner
Ex.: My son speaks with ease.
Reference:
Murcia, M. and Freeman, D. (1999). The Grammar Book. USA:Heinle &Heinle Publishers
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